Nellore people participated in Indian Independence movement andalso in fight for formation of separate state for Telugu people.Notable freedom fighters are Muttharaju Gopalarao and Potti Sriramulu. People of Nellore district has vivid interest in politics. It produced two former chief ministers of state, Dr Bezawada Gopal Reddy and Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy.The main political parties of the district are Congress and TeluguDesam party. Communist parties of India also have more followers compared to the neighboring districts like Cuddappah and Ongole. Puchalapalli Sundaraiah, the great communist who sacrificed his life and properties for poor practiced communism here.
There are many patrons for the causes of district. Notable among them is Rebala Laxminarasa Reddy, who donated the town hall and pediatric hospital and Venkata Giri Raja, who constructed first collegein the Nellore.
Monday, February 6, 2012
Nellore District has 10 state assembly constituencies
Nellore District has 10 state assembly constituencies, namely Atmakur, Gudur, Kavali, Kovur, Nellore, Nellore-II, Sarvepalli, Sullurpeta, Udayagiri and Venkatagiri.[7] Nellore district also contributes to three seats in the Parliament of India, namely Nellore, Tirupati and Ongole.
It comprises 46 Revenue Mandals, 12 Agriculture Sub Divisions and 3Revenue Divisions (Nellore, Kavali and Gudur) and 1204 Revenue Villagesin which 1135 are inhabited. Number of Gram Panchayats are 968 and thenumber of Municipalities are six, namely Nellore, Kavali, venkatagir, amakur, sullurpet, Gudur.
Nellore district is divided into the following 46 mandals.
It comprises 46 Revenue Mandals, 12 Agriculture Sub Divisions and 3Revenue Divisions (Nellore, Kavali and Gudur) and 1204 Revenue Villagesin which 1135 are inhabited. Number of Gram Panchayats are 968 and thenumber of Municipalities are six, namely Nellore, Kavali, venkatagir, amakur, sullurpet, Gudur.
Nellore district is divided into the following 46 mandals.
- Allur, 15 villages.
- Ananthasagaram, 23 villages.
- Anumasamudrampeta, 19 villages.
- Atmakur, 23 villages.
- Balayapalle, 24 villages.
- Bhogolu, 14 villages.
- Buchireddipalem, 12 villages.
- Chejerla, 22 villages.
- Chillakur, 31 villages.
- Chittamur, 23 villages.
- Dagadarthi, 11 villages.
- Dakkili, 26 villages.
- Doravarisatram, 22 villages.
- Duttalur, 17 villages.
- Gudur, 22 villages.
- Indukurpet, 18 villages.
- Jaladanki, 16 villages.
- Kaligiri, 23 villages.
- Kaluvoya, 19 villages.
- Kavali, 21 villages.
- Kodavalur, 17 villages.
- Kondapuram, 19 villages.
- Kota, 20 villages.
- Kovur, 5 villages.
- Manubolu, 18 villages.
- Marripadu, 24 villages.
- Muthukur, 19 villages.
- Naidupeta, 18 villages
- Nellore, 29 villages.
- Ozili, 26 villages.
- Pellakur, 24 villages.
- Podlakur, 29 villages.
- Rapur, 46 villages (34 Panchayats)
- Seetharamapuram, 14 villages
- Sangam, 19 villages.
- Sullurpeta, 19 villages
- Sydapuram, 30 villages.
- Tada with 17 villages.
- Thotapalligudur, 21 villages.
- Udayagiri, 16 villages
- Vakadu, 18 villages.
- Varikuntapadu, 24 villages
- Venkatachalam, 25 villages.
- Vinjamur, 11 villages.
- Venkatagiri with 24 villages.
- Vidavalur, 11 villages.
Nellore with new industrial ventures
The handloom sector is a small scale industry and next to agriculture by the number of people depend on it. Venkatagiri and Patur are important handloom centres in the district noted for their traditional handcrafted fine cotton and silk sarees embrodied with pure zari.
The following are major industries located in Nellore District
SHAR (SriHarikota High Altitude Range) located in Sriharikota, Nellore Dt.
Kovur Thermal Power Plant ( defunct)
Nellore Nippo Batteries factory.
Acqua and fisheries throughout the district
Mica Mines in Gudur and Sydapuram mandals.
work in progress Adidas Apache in Tada, Nellore dt.
Krishnapatnam Thermal Station.
Krishnapatnam Port trust.
Krishnapatnam is a major port and market center situated at a distance of 20 km. The port is hoped to become a world-class deep water port. Iron ore and granite are being exported from KrishnaPatnam to other countries like China.One Railway line links it with Vekatachalam on main railway line. Tada is at a distance of 80 km from Nellore with new industrial ventures like the Adidas factory and Tata\'s Leather park.
Projects in progress: An International Leather park will start working soon at Krishnapatnam. A railway line is being constructed from Krishnapattanam to Obulavari palle to link up this port with Mumbai Railway line. Construction of two Ultra Mega Power Projects with thecapacity of 4000 MW each at Krishnapatnam is going on. Recently Central government gave clearance to IFFCO fertilizer factory at Regadi Chelikanear Nellore. Central government is also planning to setup a \'PetroChemical Terminal\' at Krishnapatnam. Air Deccan is going to setup anairport near Nellore city. Construction work of two textile parks atMenakur near Venmkatgiri/Nayudupet will start soon.
The following are major industries located in Nellore District
SHAR (SriHarikota High Altitude Range) located in Sriharikota, Nellore Dt.
Kovur Thermal Power Plant ( defunct)
Nellore Nippo Batteries factory.
Acqua and fisheries throughout the district
Mica Mines in Gudur and Sydapuram mandals.
work in progress Adidas Apache in Tada, Nellore dt.
Krishnapatnam Thermal Station.
Krishnapatnam Port trust.
Krishnapatnam is a major port and market center situated at a distance of 20 km. The port is hoped to become a world-class deep water port. Iron ore and granite are being exported from KrishnaPatnam to other countries like China.One Railway line links it with Vekatachalam on main railway line. Tada is at a distance of 80 km from Nellore with new industrial ventures like the Adidas factory and Tata\'s Leather park.
Projects in progress: An International Leather park will start working soon at Krishnapatnam. A railway line is being constructed from Krishnapattanam to Obulavari palle to link up this port with Mumbai Railway line. Construction of two Ultra Mega Power Projects with thecapacity of 4000 MW each at Krishnapatnam is going on. Recently Central government gave clearance to IFFCO fertilizer factory at Regadi Chelikanear Nellore. Central government is also planning to setup a \'PetroChemical Terminal\' at Krishnapatnam. Air Deccan is going to setup anairport near Nellore city. Construction work of two textile parks atMenakur near Venmkatgiri/Nayudupet will start soon.
Geography
Geography
The district lies between between 13 30’ and 15 6’ of Northernlatitude and 70 5’ and 80 15’ of Eastern latitude. Nellore\'s total landarea is 13,076 square kilometers (8,761) sq. miles). It is bordered bythe Bay of Bengal to the east, the state of Tamil Nadu to the South, the district of Cuddapah, and the district of Prakasam to the north. The eastern side consists of area of low lying land extending from the base of the Eastern Ghatsto the sea. The west side of the district is separated from Cuddapahdistrict by Veligonda hills. The district is split by the River Pennar and is located on both south and north banks of it.
Nellore's total land area is 13,076 square kilometers (8,761) sq. miles). It has an average elevation of 19 metres (62 feet).
About the half of the total area is cultivated and the rest is wasteland [6] because of it is rocky land, sandy coastline or covered with scrub jungles. Pennar,Swarnamukhi and Gundlakamma are the main rivers that flow through themost of the district. They are not navigable, and are mainly used forirrigation purposes. Tributaries to Penna like Kandaleru and Boggeruserve the remaining area.
This area is rich in particular kind of flint called quartzite, out of which prehistoric man made his weapons and implements.
The district lies between between 13 30’ and 15 6’ of Northernlatitude and 70 5’ and 80 15’ of Eastern latitude. Nellore\'s total landarea is 13,076 square kilometers (8,761) sq. miles). It is bordered bythe Bay of Bengal to the east, the state of Tamil Nadu to the South, the district of Cuddapah, and the district of Prakasam to the north. The eastern side consists of area of low lying land extending from the base of the Eastern Ghatsto the sea. The west side of the district is separated from Cuddapahdistrict by Veligonda hills. The district is split by the River Pennar and is located on both south and north banks of it.
Nellore's total land area is 13,076 square kilometers (8,761) sq. miles). It has an average elevation of 19 metres (62 feet).
About the half of the total area is cultivated and the rest is wasteland [6] because of it is rocky land, sandy coastline or covered with scrub jungles. Pennar,Swarnamukhi and Gundlakamma are the main rivers that flow through themost of the district. They are not navigable, and are mainly used forirrigation purposes. Tributaries to Penna like Kandaleru and Boggeruserve the remaining area.
This area is rich in particular kind of flint called quartzite, out of which prehistoric man made his weapons and implements.
Nellore History
History
Nellore District had an important role in telugu history during the emergence of the language and also during the formation of the state.
Mauryas, Early Cholas and Pallavas
With the rise of the Mauryan Empire, many parts of the Andhra Pardesh including Nellore came under its influence and was part of the Ashokan empire in the third century B.C. The caves near Nellore have inscriptions in the brahmi script used by Ashoka. The Cholas were an important dynasty in the south peninsula. The early Cholas ruled between the 1st and the 4Th centuries A.D. The district was part of thefirst and the most famous Chola, Karikalan. He is well known for his great engineering marvel.
Chola power declined with frequent attacks by the Pallavas,Cheras and Pandyas, until they rose to power again around the 9th century. Chola rule was broken when the Cholas were overthrown by SimhaVishnu Pallava and the region came under the Pallava rule between thefourth and sixth centuries A.D. With the dawn of the seventh century,the political centre of Gravity of the Pallavas shifted to the southand weakened their power towards the north. Several ancient Pallava andChola temple are in Udayagiri village. Several ancient Pallava andChola temple are in Udayagiri village. Several inscriptions aboutPallava rule were found in the Guntur-Nellore tract of the AndhraPradesh. The big four storeyed cave at Vundavalli and 8 cave temple atBhairavkonda resembles the Pallava architecture during Mahendravarma\'speriod.
Eastern Chalukyas, Rastrakutas and Medieval Cholas
The Eastern Chalukyas were a branch of the Chalukyas of Badami.Pulakesin II, the renowned ruler of Badami Chalukyas conquered Vengi(near Eluru) in 624 AD and installed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana(624-641 CE) as its ruler. His dynasty known as the Eastern Chalukyasof Vengi, ruled for nearly four centuries in all. Vishnuvardhana extended his dominions up to Srikakulam in the north and Nellore in the south. Later the Vengi kingdom again came under the Rashtrakuta rule.Since the time of Gunaga Vijayaditya (848AD), inscriptions started showing Telugu stanzas. [1]
The king Vijayalaya defeated the Pallavas and captured Thanjavur. These cholas seized back most parts of the south India. [2].Based on his royal inscriptions, Parantaka I (907–953) took then or thern boundary up to Nellore, where his advance was stopped by adefeat at the hands of the Rastrakuta king Krishna III. [3].
Nellore Chola kings
This was the period when the political power of Nellore was at its peak and also reached its ebb. Tikkana Somayajulu, a minister and famous telugu poet who translated Mahabharatham into telugu, gave the account of the history of this family in his other book called Nirvachanottara Ramayanamu. A branch of Telugu Cholas,feudatory of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani appointed them as rulersof Pakanadu for helping in the war between Cholas and Chalukyas. Theyruled over the region consisting of the Nellore, Kadapa, Chittur and Chengalput districts with Vikramasimhapuri (modern Nellore) as theirhead capital.
Tikka (1223 - 1248 ) defeated both the Hoyasala and the Pandyas andgot the Tondaimandalam region and assumed the titleCholasthapanacharya. During the reign of Tikka's son and successor Manumasiddhi II (1248 - 1263), Nellore faced lot of attacks from other Cholas and Pandyas. Tikkana visited Ganapatideva of Kakatiyas andgained military support for his king. About the year 1260, a dangerousfeud broke out between Manumasiddhi and Katamaraju, the chief of Erragaddapadu in Kanigiri region. The feud was on the issue of therights of the two princes to use certain wide meadows as grazinggrounds for their flocks of cattle. It led to the bloody battle foughtat Panchalingala near Muttukuru on the coast of Paleru river.Manumasiddhi\'s forces led by Khadga Tikkana, the cousin of poet Tikkanawon the battle, but the leader perished. This feud and the consequentbattle formed the theme of the popular ballad entitled "KatamarajuKatha". Shortly after or during this battle, Manumasiddhi died andNellore last its significance. [4]
Kakatiyas, Pandyas, Vijanagaras etc.
The kakatiyas, the feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani,under influence of Prola declared his independence. Ganapati Deva, the first great king of Kakatiyas brought most of the telugu area under hisrule. Nellore was part of kakatiya kingdom in the 13th century. Itchanged hands between them and Pandyas few times until Prataprudra IIdefeated Pandyas. After the fall of Kakatiya Empire, the region wasunder Tuglaq and then was later under Kondavidi Reddis.
The most parts of the district were annexed by the Sangama dynasty of the Vijayanagara empire in 14th century. The remaining portions of the district like Udayagiri were conquered by Krishnadeva Rayalu, the greatest king of the kingdom. The ruins of fortress built by the Vijayanagar kings in the 14th century are at Udayagiri.
Nawabs and British Period
After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, the area was ruled bythe Nawabs until the East India Company has taken control in 1792, andappointed Mr. Dyton as the 1st Collector. Nellore was declared the revenue unit for the district. [5]
During the British period, the district was at peace, the only event of any political importance being the sequestration in 1838, of the Jagir of Udayagiri,owing to its title holder's participation in a conspiracy, engineered by the Nawab of Kurnool, against the ruling power. After the district came under the British administration, the jurisdiction of the district did not undergo any major changes, but for the transfer of Ongole taluk in 1904 to Guntur district when it was newly constituted.
Post Indian Independence
It was part of the composite Madras State until 1 October 1953. On 1 November 1956, when the states were re organised on a linguistic basis, this district came under Andhra Pradesh. Nellore played a major role in the formation of Andhra Pradesh state. Potti Sriramulu,a Telugu patriot and activist, fasted to death for the formation ofAndhra Pradhesh state. His sacrifice resulted in the creation oflinguistic based states in Indian Union.
Nellore District had an important role in telugu history during the emergence of the language and also during the formation of the state.
Mauryas, Early Cholas and Pallavas
With the rise of the Mauryan Empire, many parts of the Andhra Pardesh including Nellore came under its influence and was part of the Ashokan empire in the third century B.C. The caves near Nellore have inscriptions in the brahmi script used by Ashoka. The Cholas were an important dynasty in the south peninsula. The early Cholas ruled between the 1st and the 4Th centuries A.D. The district was part of thefirst and the most famous Chola, Karikalan. He is well known for his great engineering marvel.
Chola power declined with frequent attacks by the Pallavas,Cheras and Pandyas, until they rose to power again around the 9th century. Chola rule was broken when the Cholas were overthrown by SimhaVishnu Pallava and the region came under the Pallava rule between thefourth and sixth centuries A.D. With the dawn of the seventh century,the political centre of Gravity of the Pallavas shifted to the southand weakened their power towards the north. Several ancient Pallava andChola temple are in Udayagiri village. Several ancient Pallava andChola temple are in Udayagiri village. Several inscriptions aboutPallava rule were found in the Guntur-Nellore tract of the AndhraPradesh. The big four storeyed cave at Vundavalli and 8 cave temple atBhairavkonda resembles the Pallava architecture during Mahendravarma\'speriod.
Eastern Chalukyas, Rastrakutas and Medieval Cholas
The Eastern Chalukyas were a branch of the Chalukyas of Badami.Pulakesin II, the renowned ruler of Badami Chalukyas conquered Vengi(near Eluru) in 624 AD and installed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana(624-641 CE) as its ruler. His dynasty known as the Eastern Chalukyasof Vengi, ruled for nearly four centuries in all. Vishnuvardhana extended his dominions up to Srikakulam in the north and Nellore in the south. Later the Vengi kingdom again came under the Rashtrakuta rule.Since the time of Gunaga Vijayaditya (848AD), inscriptions started showing Telugu stanzas. [1]
The king Vijayalaya defeated the Pallavas and captured Thanjavur. These cholas seized back most parts of the south India. [2].Based on his royal inscriptions, Parantaka I (907–953) took then or thern boundary up to Nellore, where his advance was stopped by adefeat at the hands of the Rastrakuta king Krishna III. [3].
Nellore Chola kings
This was the period when the political power of Nellore was at its peak and also reached its ebb. Tikkana Somayajulu, a minister and famous telugu poet who translated Mahabharatham into telugu, gave the account of the history of this family in his other book called Nirvachanottara Ramayanamu. A branch of Telugu Cholas,feudatory of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani appointed them as rulersof Pakanadu for helping in the war between Cholas and Chalukyas. Theyruled over the region consisting of the Nellore, Kadapa, Chittur and Chengalput districts with Vikramasimhapuri (modern Nellore) as theirhead capital.
Tikka (1223 - 1248 ) defeated both the Hoyasala and the Pandyas andgot the Tondaimandalam region and assumed the titleCholasthapanacharya. During the reign of Tikka's son and successor Manumasiddhi II (1248 - 1263), Nellore faced lot of attacks from other Cholas and Pandyas. Tikkana visited Ganapatideva of Kakatiyas andgained military support for his king. About the year 1260, a dangerousfeud broke out between Manumasiddhi and Katamaraju, the chief of Erragaddapadu in Kanigiri region. The feud was on the issue of therights of the two princes to use certain wide meadows as grazinggrounds for their flocks of cattle. It led to the bloody battle foughtat Panchalingala near Muttukuru on the coast of Paleru river.Manumasiddhi\'s forces led by Khadga Tikkana, the cousin of poet Tikkanawon the battle, but the leader perished. This feud and the consequentbattle formed the theme of the popular ballad entitled "KatamarajuKatha". Shortly after or during this battle, Manumasiddhi died andNellore last its significance. [4]
Kakatiyas, Pandyas, Vijanagaras etc.
The kakatiyas, the feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani,under influence of Prola declared his independence. Ganapati Deva, the first great king of Kakatiyas brought most of the telugu area under hisrule. Nellore was part of kakatiya kingdom in the 13th century. Itchanged hands between them and Pandyas few times until Prataprudra IIdefeated Pandyas. After the fall of Kakatiya Empire, the region wasunder Tuglaq and then was later under Kondavidi Reddis.
The most parts of the district were annexed by the Sangama dynasty of the Vijayanagara empire in 14th century. The remaining portions of the district like Udayagiri were conquered by Krishnadeva Rayalu, the greatest king of the kingdom. The ruins of fortress built by the Vijayanagar kings in the 14th century are at Udayagiri.
Nawabs and British Period
After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, the area was ruled bythe Nawabs until the East India Company has taken control in 1792, andappointed Mr. Dyton as the 1st Collector. Nellore was declared the revenue unit for the district. [5]
During the British period, the district was at peace, the only event of any political importance being the sequestration in 1838, of the Jagir of Udayagiri,owing to its title holder's participation in a conspiracy, engineered by the Nawab of Kurnool, against the ruling power. After the district came under the British administration, the jurisdiction of the district did not undergo any major changes, but for the transfer of Ongole taluk in 1904 to Guntur district when it was newly constituted.
Post Indian Independence
It was part of the composite Madras State until 1 October 1953. On 1 November 1956, when the states were re organised on a linguistic basis, this district came under Andhra Pradesh. Nellore played a major role in the formation of Andhra Pradesh state. Potti Sriramulu,a Telugu patriot and activist, fasted to death for the formation ofAndhra Pradhesh state. His sacrifice resulted in the creation oflinguistic based states in Indian Union.
Nellore its name from "nelli"
Nellore District is a district of India's Andhra Pradesh state. Nellore is famous for high paddy yield, and so it got its name from "nelli", an equivalent word for paddy in Tamil. The population of the district was 2,668,564 of which 22.45% were urban as of 2001.
Nellore city is its administrative headquarters. Three major cities in the district are Nellore, Kavali and Gudur. It is located in the southern most east corner of Andhra Pradesh. It is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the east, the state of Tamil Nadu to the South, the district of Cuddapah to the west, and the district of Prakasam to the north.
Nellore city is its administrative headquarters. Three major cities in the district are Nellore, Kavali and Gudur. It is located in the southern most east corner of Andhra Pradesh. It is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the east, the state of Tamil Nadu to the South, the district of Cuddapah to the west, and the district of Prakasam to the north.
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